Guaranteeing performance across the
Internet may seem
nearlyimpossible, because of an even wider range of
variables that can affect and undermine
service. But if
you're involved in developing and implementing streaming
video or voice or other time-sensitive Internet
applications, you already understand exactly what's at
stake in establishing Quality of Service.
What you need is a reliable guide to the latest QoS
techniques written specifically to address the Internet's
special challenges. Internet QoS is it-the first
book to dig deep into the issues that affect your ability
to provide Internet QoS to your users. This book gives you
a broad vision of the problem and dozens of specific
analyses designed to help you as you strive to make, and
adhere to, meaningful Quality of Service guarantees.
Features
- Includes valuable insights from a Bell Labs engineer
with fourteen years of experience in data networking and
Internet protocol design.
- Details the enhancements to current Internet
architectures and new mechanisms and network management
capabilities that QoS will require.
- Focuses on the four main areas of Internet QoS:
integrated services, differentiated services,
multi-protocol label switching, and traffic
engineering.
Contents
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Resource Allocation
1.1.1 Integrated
Services
1.1.2 Differentiated Services
1.2 Performance Optimization
1.2.1 Multi-Protocol Label
Switching
1.2.2 Traffic Engineering
1.3 Summary
Chapter Two: Integrated
Services
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Real-Time Applications
2.3 Integrated Services Architecture
2.3.1
Basic Approach
2.3.2 Key Components
2.4 Service Models
2.4.1 Flow
Specification
2.4.2 Guaranteed Service
2.4.3 Controlled Load Service
2.5 Resource Reservation Setup (RSVP)
2.5.1 Basic Features
2.5.2 Operation Overview
2.5.3 RSVP Messages
2.5.4 Reservation Styles
2.5.5 Adspec, OPWA and Slack Term
2.6 Flow Identification
2.6.1 Basic
Requirements
2.6.2 Design Choices
2.6.3 Hashing-Based Schemes
2.6.4 Performance Evaluation
2.7 Packet Scheduling
2.7.1 Basic
Requirements
2.7.2 Design Choices
2.7.3 Weighted Fair Queuing
2.7.4 Variants of WFQ
2.8 Integrated Services over Specific Link Layers
2.8.1 Local Area
Networks
2.8.2 ATM Networks
2.9 Summary
Chapter Three: Differentiated
Services
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Differentiated Services Framework
3.2.1 Basic Approach
3.2.2 Service and Forwarding Treatment
3.2.3 Per-Hop Behaviors (PHBs)
3.2.4 Services
3.3 Differentiated Services Field
3.3.1 Structure of DS
Field
3.3.2 Historical Codepoint Definition
3.3.3 Current Codepoint Allocation
3.4 Traffic Classification and Conditioning
3.4.1 Classifier
3.4.2 Traffic Conditioner
3.4.3 Location of Traffic Classifiers and
Conditioners
3.4.4 Configuring Traffic Classifiers and
Conditioners
3.5 Assured Forwarding
3.5.1 AF PHB Group
3.5.2 Implementation Guideline
3.5.3 Example Services
3.6 Expedited Forwarding
3.6.1 EF PHB
3.6.2 Implementation Guideline
3.7 Interoperability with Non-DS-Compliant Networks
3.7.1 Non-DS-Compliant Node
within a DS Domain
3.7.2 Transit Non-DS-Capable Domain
3.8 Packet Classification
3.8.1 Basic
Requirements
3.8.2 Classification Algorithms
3.9 Traffic Policing 37
3.9.1 Metering and
Marking
3.9.2 Dual Token Bucket Algorithm
3.10 End-to-End Resource Management
3.10.1 Integrated Services
over Differentiated Services
3.10.2 Inter-Domain Bandwidth Allocation
3.10.3 End-System Congestion Control
3.11 Performance Issues in Differentiated Services
3.11.1 Network
Configuration
3.11.2 Traffic Profiles and Bottleneck Bandwidth
3.11.3 Protection from Mis-Behaving Sources
3.12 Summary
Chapter Four: Multi-Protocol Label
Switching
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Motivation
4.2.1 IP over ATM
Integration
4.2.2 Simpler Forwarding Paradigm
4.2.3 Traffic Engineering
4.3 Overview
4.3.1 Routing vs
Switching
4.3.2 Label Switching Proposals
4.3.3 Comparison of Approaches
4.4 MPLS Architecture
4.4.1 Key Concepts
4.4.2 Forwarding Equivalency Classes
4.4.3 Hierarchy and Label Stacking
4.4.4 Label Stack Encoding
4.4.5 Loop Detection
4.5 Label Distribution Protocols
4.5.1 LDP
4.5.2 CR-LDP
4.5.3 RSVP-TE
4.5.4 Comparison
4.6 Summary 4.7 Further Reading
Chapter Five: Internet Traffic
Engineering
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Fish Problem
5.3 Traffic Engineering Solutions
5.4 Optimization Objectives
5.5 Building Blocks
5.5.1 Data Repository
5.5.2 Topology and State Discovery
5.5.3 Traffic Demand Estimation
5.5.4 Route Computation
5.5.5 Network Interface
5.6 Topology and State Discovery
5.7 Constraint-Based Routing
5.7.1 Mathematical
Formulation
5.7.2 Overlay Model
5.7.3 Peer Model
5.8 Multi-Path Loadsharing
5.8.1 Direct Hashing
5.8.2 Table-Based Hashing
5.9 Summary
References